Article 52: Form of the License, Limitations and Duration of the Rights as well as the Regulation of Other Issues

The rights prescribed in Articles 46 to 51 of this Law shall be subject to the following rules:
a) agreements concerning those rights shall be valid legal agreements only when concluded in writing
b) the limitations applicable to the economic right attaching to copyright shall apply mutatis mutandis
c) the protection of performers provided in Articles 46 and 49 of the present law will expire fifty (50) years after the date of the performance, but cannot be less than the life of the performer. However, if a fixation of the performance is lawfully published or lawfully communicated to the public within this period, the rights shall expire fifty (50) years from the date of the first such publication or the first such communication to the public, whichever is the earlier
d) The rights of phonogram producers (producers of sound recordings) shall expire 50 years after the fixation is made. However, if the phonogram has been lawfully published within this period, the said rights shall expire fifty (50) years from the date of the first lawful publication. If no lawful publication has taken place within the period mentioned in the first sentence, and if the phonogram has been lawfully communicated to the public within this period, the said rights shall expire fifty (50) years from the date of the first lawful communication to the public. However, where through the expiry of the term of protection granted pursuant to this paragraph in its version before the amendment by Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonization of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society, the rights of producers of phonograms are no longer protected on 22 December 2001, this paragraph shall not have the effect of protecting those rights anew (article 11, par.2 of Directive 2001/29).
The rights of producers of audiovisual works (producers of sound and visual recordings) shall expire fifty (50) years after the fixation is made. However, if lawful publication or lawful communication of the device is made to the public within such period, such rights shall expire fifty (50) years from the date of first publication or first communication to the public, whichever comes first
e) The rights of broadcasting organizations provided for in article 48 of the present law shall expire fifty (50) years after the date of the first transmission of a broadcast, whether this broadcast is transmitted by wire or over the air, including by cable or satellite or any other means of transmission
f) The rights of editors provided for in article 51 of the present law shall expire fifty (50) years after the last edition of the work
g) The term fixed in cases c, d, e and f of the present article is calculated from 1st January of the year following the event which gives rise to them.
h) For the purposes of communication to the public by satellite and cable retransmission, the rights of performers, producers of sound or visual or sound and visual recordings as well as broadcasting organizations are protected in accordance with the provisions of the eighth section of the present law, and the provisions of paragraphs 3 and 4 of article 35 of the present law are applied accordingly.

Article 53: Protection of Copyright